Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | positron | d. | transuranium
element | b. | alpha particle | e. | gamma radiation | c. | beta
particle | f. | transmutation | | | | |
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1.
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element with atomic number greater than 92
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2.
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emitted helium nucleus
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3.
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energetic electron from decomposed neutron
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4.
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high-energy photons emitted by a radioisotope
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5.
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particle of charge +1 and mass equal to that of an electron
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6.
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conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | fission | e. | scintillation
counter | b. | fusion | f. | neutron absorption | c. | Geiger
counter | g. | neutron
moderation | d. | radioisotope | | | | |
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7.
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element with unstable nucleus
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8.
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radiation detector that makes use of a phosphor-coated surface
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9.
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radiation detector that makes use of a gas-filled metal tube
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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10.
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A
beta particle is a(n) ____. a. | photon | c. | helium nucleus | b. | electron | d. | hydrogen
nucleus | | | | |
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11.
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What
is the change in atomic mass when an atom emits a beta particle? a. | decreases by
2 | c. | remains the
same | b. | decreases by
1 | d. | increases by
1 | | | | |
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12.
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What
is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits an alpha particle? a. | decreases by
2 | c. | increases by
1 | b. | decreases by
1 | d. | increases by
2 | | | | |
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13.
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What
is the change in atomic number when an atom emits a beta particle? a. | decreases by
2 | c. | increases by
2 | b. | decreases by
1 | d. | increases by
1 | | | | |
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14.
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Which
symbol is used for an alpha particle?
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15.
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Which
of the following materials is necessary to stop an alpha particle? a. | three feet of
concrete | c. | single sheet of
aluminum foil | b. | three inches of lead | d. | single sheet of paper | | | | |
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16.
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What
symbol is used for beta radiation?
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17.
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Which
of the following materials is necessary to stop a beta particle? a. | three feet of
concrete | c. | thin pieces of
wood | b. | three inches of
lead | d. | single sheet of
paper | | | | |
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18.
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Which
of the following materials is most effective for stopping gamma radiation? a. | several cm of
lead | c. | single sheet of
aluminum foil | b. | one cm of water | d. | single sheet of paper | | | | |
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19.
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Which
type of ionizing radiation can be blocked by clothing? a. | beta
radiation | c. | gamma
radiation | b. | X radiation | d. | alpha radiation | | | | |
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20.
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What
does the band of stability for atomic nuclei refer to? a. | the ratio of
protons to neutrons | b. | the ratio of neutrons to protons | c. | the ratio of
beta particles to neutrinos | d. | the ratio of alpha particles to beta
particles | | |
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21.
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What
particle is needed to complete this nuclear reaction?
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22.
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What
particle is needed to complete the following nuclear equation?
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23.
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What
particle is needed to complete the following equation?
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24.
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What
instrument is used routinely to check a person's exposure to radiation? a. | Geiger
counter | c. | film
badge | b. | scintillation counter | d. | moderating rod | | | | |
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25.
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Radiation therapy is used to ____. a. | study reaction mechanisms | c. | treat cancer | b. | detect
elements | d. | initiate neutron
activation analysis | | | | |
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26.
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Radioisotopes taken internally for medical reasons ____. a. | must be
eliminated from the body slowly | b. | should be fissionable isotopes | c. | are usually
deposited in fat tissue | d. | should have a short half-life | | |
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Short Answer
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27.
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Complete the following nuclear reaction:
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28.
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If
the half-life of a radioactive material is 8 years, how many years will it take for one half of the
original amount of material to decay?
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29.
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After
42 days, 2 g of phosphorus-32 has decayed to 0.25 g. What is the half-life of
phosphorus-32?
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30.
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The
radioisotope radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days. How much of a 73.9-g sample of radon-222 would be
left after approximately 23 days?
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