Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
charge on a gamma ray is ____. a. | +2 | c. | 0 | b. |  1 | d. |  2 | | | | |
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2.
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What
particle is emitted in alpha radiation? a. | electron | c. | helium nucleus | b. | photon | d. | hydrogen
nucleus | | | | |
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3.
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A
beta particle is a(n) ____. a. | photon | c. | helium nucleus | b. | electron | d. | hydrogen
nucleus | | | | |
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4.
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What
is the change in atomic mass when an atom emits a beta particle? a. | decreases by
2 | c. | remains the
same | b. | decreases by
1 | d. | increases by
1 | | | | |
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5.
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What
is the change in atomic mass when an atom emits gamma radiation? a. | decreases by
2 | c. | remains the
same | b. | decreases by
1 | d. | increases by
1 | | | | |
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6.
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What
is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits an alpha particle? a. | decreases by
2 | c. | increases by
1 | b. | decreases by
1 | d. | increases by
2 | | | | |
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7.
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What
is the change in atomic number when an atom emits a beta particle? a. | decreases by
2 | c. | increases by
2 | b. | decreases by
1 | d. | increases by
1 | | | | |
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8.
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What
is the change in atomic number caused by the emission of gamma radiation? a. | decreases by
2 | c. | remains the
same | b. | decreases by
1 | d. | increases by
1 | | | | |
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9.
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Which
symbol is used for an alpha particle?
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10.
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Which
of the following materials is necessary to stop an alpha particle? a. | three feet of
concrete | c. | single sheet of
aluminum foil | b. | three inches of lead | d. | single sheet of paper | | | | |
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11.
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What
symbol is used for beta radiation?
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12.
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Which
of the following materials is necessary to stop a beta particle? a. | three feet of
concrete | c. | thin pieces of
wood | b. | three inches of
lead | d. | single sheet of
paper | | | | |
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13.
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Which
of the following materials is most effective for stopping gamma radiation? a. | several cm of
lead | c. | single sheet of
aluminum foil | b. | one cm of water | d. | single sheet of paper | | | | |
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14.
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Which
type of ionizing radiation can be blocked by clothing? a. | beta
radiation | c. | gamma
radiation | b. | X radiation | d. | alpha radiation | | | | |
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15.
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What
is the change in atomic mass number when an atom emits an alpha particle? a. | decreases by
2 | c. | increases by
2 | b. | decreases by
4 | d. | increases by
4 | | | | |
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16.
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If an
isotope decays by the process of beta emission, ____. a. | the mass number
changes | b. | the atomic number changes | c. | protons are
given off | d. | the number of neutrons remains the
same | | |
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17.
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What
particle is needed to complete this nuclear reaction?
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18.
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When
radium-226 (atomic number 88) decays by emitting an alpha particle, it becomes ____. a. | polonium-222 | c. | radium-222 | b. | polonium-224 | d. | radon-222 | | | | |
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19.
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What
particle does argon-39 (atomic number 18) emit when it decays to potassium-39 (atomic number
19)? a. | neutron | c. | proton | b. | electron | d. | alpha particle | | | | |
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20.
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What
particle is needed to complete the following nuclear equation?
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21.
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What
particle is needed to complete the following equation?
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22.
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To
what element does polonium-208 (atomic number 84) decay when it emits an alpha
particle?
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Short Answer
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23.
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Complete the following nuclear reaction:
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24.
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If
the half-life of a radioactive material is 8 years, how many years will it take for one half of the
original amount of material to decay?
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25.
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After
42 days, 2 g of phosphorus-32 has decayed to 0.25 g. What is the half-life of
phosphorus-32?
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26.
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The
radioisotope radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days. How much of a 73.9-g sample of radon-222 would be
left after approximately 23 days?
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27.
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If
the half-life of sodium-24 is 15 hours, how much remains from a 10.0-g sample after 60
hours?
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28.
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What
is the half-life of iodine-131 if, after 24 days, 0.125 g remains from a 1.00-g starting
sample?
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29.
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The
concentration of carbon-14 in a piece of wood from an ancient burial mound indicates that two
half-lives of this radioisotope have passed. If the half-life (t ) for carbon-14 is 5730 years, approximately how many years ago did this sample of
wood die?
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Numeric Response
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30.
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The
half-life of radon-222 is about four days. After how many days is the amount of radon-222 equal to
one-sixteenth of its original amount?
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Essay
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31.
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Describe alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Indicate how the atomic
number and atomic mass number change when a radioisotope decays to produce alpha, beta, or gamma
radiation.
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32.
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Iodine-131 has a half-life of 8 days. If the amount of iodine-131 in a sample is 32 g,
how much iodine-131 will remain after 32 days?
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33.
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After
252 days, a 12.0-g starting sample of the radioisotope scandium-46 contains only 1.5 g of the
isotope. What is the half-life of scandium-46? Explain your reasoning.
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