Chapter 13

it's a state of mind

California State Standards

Chemical Bonds

2. Biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter result from the ability of atoms to form bonds from electrostatic forces between electrons and protons and between atoms and molecules. As a basis for understanding this concept:

• Students know salt crystals, such as NaCl, are repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction.
• Students know the atoms and molecules in liquids move in a random pattern relative to one another because the intermolecular forces are too weak to hold the atoms or molecules in a solid form.
• * Students know how to identify solids and liquids held together by van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding and relate these forces to volatility and boiling/ melting point temperatures.

Gases and Their Properies

4. The kinetic molecular theory describes the motion of atoms and molecules and explains the properties of gases. As a basis for understanding this concept:

• Students know the random motion of molecules and their collisions with a surface create the observable pressure on that surface.
• Students know the values and meanings of standard temperature and pressure (STP).
• * Students know the kinetic theory of gases relates the absolute temperature of a gas to the average kinetic energy of its molecules or atoms.

Concept Map