Chemical Thermodynamics
7. Energy is exchanged or transformed in all chemical reactions and physical changes of matter. As a basis for understanding this concept:
- Students know how to describe temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of molecules (or atoms).
- Students know chemical processes can either release (exothermic) or absorb (endothermic) thermal energy.
- Students know energy is released when a material condenses or freezes and is absorbed when a material evaporates or melts.
- Students kno w how to solve problems involving heat flow and temperature changes, using known values of specific heat and latent heat of phase change.
- * Students know how to apply Hess's law to calculate enthalpy change in a reaction.
- * Students know how to use the Gibbs free energy equation to determine whether a reaction would be spontaneous.
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